Which lab test results can help in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?

The identification of serum lipase and amylase as key laboratory tests in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on their specific role in reflecting pancreatic inflammation and injury. When the pancreas is inflamed, either due to factors such as gallstones or alcohol consumption, it starts to leak these enzymes into the bloodstream.

Serum lipase, in particular, is considered more specific for pancreatic damage than amylase; it often remains elevated longer and is less affected by factors that can elevate amylase levels from other sources. Elevated levels of both enzymes are commonly seen in patients with acute pancreatitis, making them critical in confirming the diagnosis. Typically, lipase levels rise within hours of the onset of symptoms and may remain elevated for several days, while amylase levels peak earlier.

In contrast, while other tests like serum glucose and electrolytes, CBC with liver function tests, or urinalysis can offer supportive information regarding a patient’s overall status, they are not specific indicators of acute pancreatitis. Such tests can help assess possible complications or other conditions that may coexist but do not provide definitive evidence of pancreatic inflammation.