ECCO Gastrointestinal Disorders Practice Exam

Liver disease significantly affects the gastrointestinal system, particularly through the development of portal hypertension and varices. When the liver is damaged, such as in cirrhosis or severe hepatitis, it can lead to increased resistance to blood flow through the liver. This resistance increases pressure in the portal vein, which is the major vein that carries blood from the intestines and spleen to the liver.

As pressure builds up, it can lead to the development of varices, which are enlarged veins typically found in the lower esophagus and stomach. These varices are at risk of rupture, which can cause life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. The presence of portal hypertension also contributes to other gastrointestinal complications, such as splenomegaly, and can affect the overall functionality of the gastrointestinal system.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the typical impact liver disease has on the gastrointestinal system. For example, liver disease does not increase appetite; in fact, it often leads to decreased appetite due to various factors, including hormonal changes and complications like nausea. Nutrient absorption can be impaired due to liver dysfunction as well, particularly in terms of fat absorption and metabolism of various nutrients. Lastly, acid reflux is typically not prevented by liver disease; rather, the changes