What is the significance of finding white blood cells in peritoneal aspirate during diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Finding white blood cells in peritoneal aspirate during diagnostic peritoneal lavage is significant as it often indicates an inflammatory response, commonly due to infection. The presence of elevated white blood cells, particularly if neutrophils are predominant, can suggest conditions such as peritonitis, which may arise from various causes, including bacterial infection. In cases of peritonitis, the accumulation of white blood cells is a part of the body's immune response to fight off pathogens.

In a clinical setting, this finding can guide further diagnostics and treatment decisions. For example, if peritonitis is suspected based on the number of white blood cells observed, further interventions, such as antibiotics and possibly surgical exploration, may be warranted to address the underlying cause. This is particularly critical in emergency situations where timely recognition of infection can significantly impact outcomes.

While the other options may have their relevance in specific contexts, none reflect the primary implication of increased white blood cells in this setting quite like the indication of infection does.