During a paracentesis to remove ascites, which potential complications should be assessed for?

In the context of a paracentesis, the procedure is primarily performed to relieve pressure caused by fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity (ascites). When evaluating potential complications, it's essential to consider the physiological changes that can occur during and after the procedure.

Hypovolemic shock and hypotension can occur due to the rapid removal of a significant volume of ascitic fluid. If a large amount of fluid is taken out quickly, it can lead to a sudden decrease in blood volume, causing a drop in blood pressure and resulting in hypovolemic shock. Monitoring for these complications ensures that appropriate interventions can be made swiftly, such as IV fluid resuscitation or transfusions if necessary. Furthermore, the assessment for hypotension is critical as it may indicate ongoing issues like bleeding or other complications.

In contrast, while infection and bowel perforation are valid concerns during a paracentesis, the likelihood of these occurring can vary with technique and the underlying patient condition. Similarly, pneumothorax and hemorrhage, while possible, are less common complications specific to this procedure compared to the more direct consequences related to fluid removal. Rebound tenderness and abdominal distension are signs that warrant attention but do not specifically denote complications of paracentesis itself;