A post-surgical patient on enteral nutrition exhibits decreased level of consciousness. What step should the nurse take to lower the risk of aspiration?

Positioning the patient with the head of the bed elevated is a crucial step in reducing the risk of aspiration, particularly for a patient who has decreased levels of consciousness. When the head of the bed is elevated, gravity helps to keep the enteral feedings in the stomach and reduces the likelihood of reflux, which can lead to aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs.

Elevating the head of the bed also enhances respiratory mechanics and aids in the overall comfort and safety of the patient, especially after surgery when there may be a risk of altered airway protection. Patients who have decreased consciousness may not be able to effectively swallow or clear secretions, making it even more important to position them appropriately.

While administering an anti-emetic can help prevent nausea, and thereby reduce the risk of vomiting and subsequent aspiration, it does not address the immediate anatomical risk factors associated with positioning. Likewise, increasing the rate of enteral feeding is not advisable as it could exacerbate the risk of aspiration by increasing the volume within the stomach.

Positioning the patient appropriately not only enhances safety but also promotes better digestion and absorption of enteral nutrition, making it the most effective choice in this scenario.